Creating sustainable and healthy living environments for an ageing population

According to Statistics Sweden (SCB), the population aged 80 and over is projected to reach approximately 800,000 by 2030—7.5% of the total population. This diverse and growing demographic of experienced individuals reflects a wide range of preferences, as well as varying economic, physical, and mental conditions. How can we ensure that this significant group maintains autonomy and quality of life while staying active and engaged in society?

Susanne Clase is an architect and specialist in housing for the elderly at White Arkitekter. She conducts practice-oriented research and teaches at Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture. In this article, Susanne addresses some of the most pressing issues in creating attractive and health-promoting living environments for older adults, drawing on insights from the book Bra bostäder för seniorer (Good Housing for Seniors). This anthology brings together leading researchers and experts to provide valuable knowledge and examples of good practice, with Susanne as one of the contributing authors.

What defines an attractive, sustainable, and health-promoting living environment for older adults?

At its core, it is an environment that addresses the essential needs for maintaining autonomy and good health: physical activity, social connections, community participation, and proper nutrition. Location is equally critical – proximity to public transport, accessible mobility solutions, nearby services, green spaces, and favourable topography are key factors for creating housing that remains attractive and functional over time.

The entrance to the building should be safe and welcoming, with space for spontaneous interaction both indoors and outdoors, as well as adequate storage for mobility aids. There should be areas for various communal activities, and shared facilities such as waste management rooms and laundry rooms should be pleasant and easy to use. The outdoor environment must be accessible and designed to encourage community and activities.

The apartments themselves should be carefully designed, with high-quality fundamentals such as good views, natural light, durable materials, and, most importantly, excellent accessibility. The indoor climate must also be well-regulated, as older adults are often sensitive to temperature. Of course, sustainability in all its forms should permeate the homes!

What is most important when designing homes that promote autonomy and enhance quality of life?

One key aspect of creating homes that support independence and improve quality of life is a well-thought-out floor plan with good room connections and ample storage, combined with the selection of user-friendly products. Kitchens, bedrooms, and bathrooms need to be designed to facilitate autonomy in the event of functional limitations and should be prepared for welfare technology and storage of consumables. When designing homes for older adults, it is also essential to consider the home’s functionality as a workspace for home care and healthcare professionals. At the same time, it is important to create private zones within the home for close family members.

Ensuring good natural light conditions, along with easy access to outdoor spaces and greenery through a balcony or patio, can enhance the sense of freedom and well-being. For those who are bedridden, low window sills in bedrooms and living rooms provide opportunities for good views. Thoughtfully chosen details and materials can also contribute to comfort and a sense of harmony. Studies show that exposed wood in homes, as well as contact with greenery, has a health-promoting effect.

How do you design to promote physical activity?

There is well-documented evidence linking physical activity with disease prevention and the maintenance of quality of life and autonomy. Both the home itself and its surrounding environment can be important sources of daily movement for seniors. Therefore, it’s crucial to incorporate elements into the living environment that encourage natural opportunities for exercise in everyday life.

Inside the home, features such as circular floor plans that allow movement between rooms can increase physical activity. Climbing stairs is excellent daily exercise, so placing and designing stairs in an inviting way can encourage regular use. Access to shared exercise rooms or gyms can also make physical activity more convenient. Outdoor spaces should be designed with walking paths, outdoor gym equipment, and areas for garden games and activities to further promote movement and well-being.

How can the living environment support community and inclusion?

Loneliness is a significant health issue, especially among older adults. This makes it particularly important to create opportunities for community and inclusion within the living environment. By designing spontaneous meeting places as well as communal spaces for social activities, both indoors and outdoors, the bonds between neighbours are strengthened, contributing to a greater sense of safety.

Spacious access balconies and entrance terraces can also become inviting spaces for socialising. Allowing flexibility in how rooms are used and involving residents in decisions about shared spaces fosters engagement and participation. Shared use of certain facilities can also encourage intergenerational interactions, which are proven to be health-promoting.